What is Fair Use?
Copyright is a form of legal protection given to content creators through the assignment of specific rights to works that qualify for protection. The main goals of copyright are to encourage the development of culture, science and innovation, while providing a financial benefit to copyright holders for their works, and to facilitate access to knowledge and entertainment for the public. Copyright provides a framework for relationships between the different players in the content industries, as well as for relationships between rightsholders and the consumers of content. Copyright is a form of Intellectual Property, along with trademarks and patents in all countries, and other creations (such as trade secrets, sui generis database rights, rights of publicity and the like) that may vary from country to country. (Source: Copyright Clearance Center)
Fair use, codified at Section 107 of the Copyright Act, provides users rights to use materials without permission under certain circumstances and can apply to online education.
Four Factors of Fair Use
Fair Use as defined in the Copyright Act (17 USC)
US Supreme Court Cases since 1893
US Constitution - Annotated with links to US Supreme Court cases
The “Technology, Education and Copyright Harmonization Act,” commonly known as the “TEACH Act,” was enacted by Congress on October 4, 2002. Section 110(2) of the Copyright Act gives accredited, nonprofit U.S. educational institutions the right, under certain circumstances, to use copyrighted materials for organized instructional activities that are not in face-to-face traditional classroom settings. Read the full act here: 17 U.S. Code § 110 - Limitations on exclusive rights: Exemption of certain performances and displays
Use this checklist to see if you are ready to use the TEACH Act
__ My institution is a nonprofit accredited educational institution or a government agency
__ It has a policy on the use of copyrighted materials
__ It provides accurate information to faculty, students and staff about copyright
__ Its systems will not interfere with technological controls within the materials I want to use
__ The materials I want to use are specifically for students in my class
__ Only those students will have access to the materials
__ The materials will be provided at my direction during the relevant lesson
__ The materials are directly related and of material assistance to my teaching content
__ My class is part of the regular offerings of my institution
__ I will include a notice that the materials are protected by copyright
__ I will use technology that reasonably limits the students' ability to retain or further distribute the materials
__ I will make the materials available to the students only for a period of time that is relevant to the context of the class session
__ I will store the materials on a secure server and transmit them only as permitted by this law
__ I will not make copies other than the one I need to make the transmission
__ The materials are of the proper type and amount the law authorizes
__ The materials are not among those the law specifically excludes from its coverage:
__ If I am using an analog original, I checked before digitizing it to be sure:
(Source: University of Texas Libraries)